So sánh phương pháp

	Phương pháp hỗn hợp đa cấp có sự tham gia	Nghiên cứu phương pháp hỗn hợp	Nghiên cứu Hành động Có sự tham gia (PAR)
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2000s (formalized ~2007)	—	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
Người khởi xướng	Bonnie K. Nastasi and colleagues; extended by John W. Creswell and Vicki L. Plano Clark	—	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
Loại	Mixed methods research design	Research design framework	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Nastasi, B. K., Hitchcock, J., Sarkar, S., Burkholder, G., Varjas, K., & Jayasena, A. (2007). Mixed methods in intervention research: Theory to adaptation. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 164–182.	Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
Tên gọi khác	PMMM, participatory mixed-methods multilevel design, community-based multilevel mixed methods, multilevel participatory mixed design	Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
Liên quan	2	4	6
Tóm tắt	Participatory multilevel mixed methods is a research design that combines the collaborative ethos of participatory research with the analytical depth of multilevel data collection and the complementary power of mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. It is widely applied in community health, education, and social intervention research where phenomena operate simultaneously at individual, group, organizational, and community levels, and where local stakeholders must co-own the inquiry.	Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.