So sánh phương pháp

	Suy luận tổng hợp phương pháp hỗn hợp có sự tham gia	Nghiên cứu Hành động Có sự tham gia (PAR)
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1998–2010	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
Người khởi xướng	Abbas Tashakkori & Charles Teddlie (meta-inference concept); extended to participatory contexts by Sweetman, Badiee & Creswell	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
Loại	Integrative inference procedure within participatory mixed methods	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972666	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
Tên gọi khác	PMMMI, participatory meta-inference, community-based mixed methods inference, integrated meta-inference in participatory research	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
Liên quan	1	6
Tóm tắt	Participatory mixed methods meta-inference is the process by which researchers and community co-investigators draw a unified, integrated conclusion — the meta-inference — from separately analysed qualitative and quantitative strands within a participatory mixed methods study. Grounded in the meta-inference framework of Tashakkori and Teddlie and extended into participatory and transformative research contexts, it treats the final synthesis of evidence not merely as a methodological step but as a collaborative, community-accountable act of knowledge production.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.