So sánh phương pháp

	Phương pháp hỗn hợp tuần tự khám phá có sự tham gia	Nghiên cứu Hành động Có sự tham gia (PAR)
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2007–2011 (participatory variant codified in Creswell & Plano Clark's typology expansions)	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
Người khởi xướng	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (exploratory sequential base); Donna M. Mertens (participatory/transformative lens)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
Loại	Mixed methods research design	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
Tên gọi khác	participatory QUAN→QUAL design, community-based exploratory sequential design, participatory two-phase mixed methods, QUAL→QUAN participatory design	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	Participatory exploratory sequential mixed methods is a two-phase design in which an initial qualitative phase — conducted with and by community members — generates findings that are used to build or refine a quantitative instrument or intervention, which is then tested in a second phase. The participatory lens ensures that affected communities co-own the research agenda, the data, and the interpretation throughout both phases.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.