So sánh phương pháp

	OPTICS	DBSCAN	HDBSCAN	Phân cụm phân cấp
Lĩnh vực	Học máy	Học máy	Học máy	Học máy
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1999	1996	2013	1963
Người khởi xướng	Ankerst, M.; Breunig, M. M.; Kriegel, H.-P.; Sander, J.	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X.	Campello, R. J. G. B.; Moulavi, D.; Sander, J.	Ward, J. H.
Loại	Density-based clustering (reachability ordering)	Density-based clustering algorithm	Hierarchical density-based clustering	Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative)
Công trình gốc	Ankerst, M., Breunig, M. M., Kriegel, H.-P., & Sander, J. (1999). OPTICS: Ordering points to identify the clustering structure. ACM SIGMOD Record, 28(2), 49–60.	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X. (1996). A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise. Proceedings of the 2nd KDD, 226–231.	Campello, R. J. G. B., Moulavi, D., & Sander, J. (2013). Density-Based Clustering Based on Hierarchical Density Estimates. In J. Pei et al. (Eds.), Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. PAKDD 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7819 (pp. 160–172). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.	Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244.
Tên gọi khác	OPTICS, Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure, density-based clustering with reachability plot, generalized DBSCAN	DBSCAN Kümeleme, density-based clustering, density-based spatial clustering	HDBSCAN, Hierarchical DBSCAN, hierarchical density-based clustering, HDBSCAN*	Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering
Liên quan	3	3	3	4
Tóm tắt	OPTICS (Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure) is a density-based clustering algorithm introduced by Ankerst, Breunig, Kriegel, and Sander in 1999. It generalizes DBSCAN by processing points in an ordering that encodes the full density-based cluster structure of a dataset, enabling the detection of clusters of varying densities through a reachability plot rather than requiring a fixed global density threshold.	DBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithm, introduced by Ester, Kriegel, Sander and Xu in 1996, that groups together points lying in dense regions and flags points in sparse regions as noise. It is effective on noisy data and on clusters of irregular, non-spherical shapes.	HDBSCAN (Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) is a density-based clustering algorithm introduced by Campello, Moulavi, and Sander in 2013. It extends DBSCAN by building a full hierarchy of density-based clusters across all density scales and then extracting a stable flat partition, making it robust to datasets where cluster densities vary substantially across regions.	Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963.