So sánh phương pháp

	NSGA-II	Tối ưu hóa bầy đàn	Thuật toán di truyền
Lĩnh vực	Tối ưu hóa	Tối ưu hóa	Tối ưu hóa
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2002	1992 (foundational thesis); 1997 (Ant Colony System formalization)	1975
Người khởi xướng	—	—	John Henry Holland
Loại	Evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithm	Metaheuristic — swarm intelligence	Population-based metaheuristic
Công trình gốc	Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S. & Meyarivan, T. (2002). A Fast and Elitist Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182-197.	Dorigo, M. & Gambardella, L.M. (1997). Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1(1), 53-66.	Holland, J.H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press.
Tên gọi khác	NSGA2, Non-dominated Sorting GA II, NSGA-II — Çok Amaçlı Evrimsel Optimizasyon	ACO, Karınca Kolonisi Optimizasyonu (ACO), ant colony system	GA, evolutionary algorithm, Genetik Algoritma — Evrimsel Optimizasyon
Liên quan	4	5	5
Tóm tắt	NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is the standard reference algorithm for multi-objective evolutionary optimisation, introduced by Deb, Pratap, Agarwal and Meyarivan in 2002. Rather than collapsing multiple conflicting objectives into a single score, it evolves a population of candidate solutions across generations and returns a set of Pareto-optimal trade-off solutions — the Pareto front — using fast non-dominated sorting and a crowding distance metric to preserve diversity.	Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Marco Dorigo and colleagues in the early 1990s that solves combinatorial optimisation problems by simulating the collective foraging behaviour of ants. Real ants lay pheromone trails on paths and preferentially follow stronger trails; ACO turns this positive-feedback mechanism into a search procedure that finds high-quality solutions to graph-structured problems such as the Travelling Salesman Problem, vehicle routing, and scheduling.	A genetic algorithm (GA) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method introduced by John Henry Holland (1975) that mimics the principles of natural selection. It maintains a population of candidate solutions and iteratively improves them through selection, crossover, and mutation operators, making it especially powerful on discontinuous, non-convex, and multi-modal search spaces where classical gradient-based methods fail.