So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Rasch đa cấp	Lý thuyết Ứng đáp Câu hỏi (IRT)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1997	1952–1968
Người khởi xướng	Adams, Wilson & Wu	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
Loại	Hierarchical item response model	Probabilistic measurement model
Công trình gốc	Adams, R. J., Wilson, M. & Wu, M. (1997). Multilevel item response models: An approach to errors in variables regression. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22(1), 47–76.	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
Tên gọi khác	hierarchical Rasch model, random-effects Rasch model, multilevel IRT Rasch, MRCML model	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	The multilevel Rasch model extends the standard Rasch model to data with a nested structure — for example, students within classrooms within schools — by embedding person ability parameters inside a hierarchical linear model. It yields item difficulty estimates on a logit scale while simultaneously partitioning person-ability variance across cluster levels and correcting standard errors for non-independence.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.