So sánh phương pháp

	Tính hợp lệ phân biệt đa cấp	Multilevel Measurement Invariance
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	2005	2000s
Người khởi xướng	Dyer, Hanges, & Hall; Chen, Sousa, & West	Muthén, Asparouhov, and colleagues
Loại	Validity evaluation within multilevel CFA	Measurement model evaluation
Công trình gốc	Dyer, N. G., Hanges, P. J., & Hall, R. J. (2005). Applying multilevel confirmatory factor analysis techniques to the study of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 149–167.	Muthén, B. O., & Asparouhov, T. (2009). Multilevel factor analysis of class and student achievement components. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 34(2), 250–270.
Tên gọi khác	multilevel DV, cross-level discriminant validity, hierarchical discriminant validity, ML-DV	MLMI, multilevel factorial invariance, cross-level measurement invariance, multilevel CFA invariance
Liên quan	5	3
Tóm tắt	Multilevel discriminant validity evaluates whether theoretically distinct constructs are empirically separable when data are nested within higher-level units such as teams, schools, or organizations. It extends single-level discriminant validity checks into a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework, verifying that constructs are distinguishable both within and between levels simultaneously.	Multilevel measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a latent construct is measured equivalently both within clusters (e.g., individuals within teams) and between clusters (e.g., team-level aggregates). It extends standard measurement invariance procedures to nested data structures commonly encountered in organisational, educational, and cross-cultural research.