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	Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire	Thang đo Hành vi Công dân Tổ chức
Lĩnh vực	Hành vi tổ chức	Hành vi tổ chức
Họ	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1985	1988
Người khởi xướng	Bernard M. Bass & Bruce J. Avolio	Dennis W. Organ
Loại	Full-range leadership measurement instrument	Self-report scale
Công trình gốc	Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press. ISBN: 9780029018101	Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books. ISBN: 978-0-669-16934-9
Tên gọi khác	MLQ, MLQ-5X, Full-Range Leadership Model, Transformational Leadership Scale	OCB Scale, Williams & Anderson Scale
Liên quan	3	4
Tóm tắt	The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the standard instrument for measuring the full-range leadership model, which spans laissez-faire (non-) leadership, transactional leadership, and transformational leadership. Building on James MacGregor Burns's distinction, Bernard Bass's 1985 book reframed transformational leadership as leaders who raise followers' aspirations and move them to perform beyond expectations, and operationalized it through the MLQ. The transformational factors are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration; the transactional factors are contingent reward and management-by-exception; and laissez-faire represents the absence of leadership. The current MLQ-5X measures these as distinct factors rated by followers and self. Judge and Piccolo's 2004 meta-analysis established the criterion validity of the model, showing strong overall validity for transformational leadership and a substantial positive role for contingent reward.	The Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCBS) is a 16-item instrument measuring discretionary employee contributions beyond formal job requirements. Developed by Organ in 1988 and operationalized by Williams and Anderson in 1991, the OCBS assesses two dimensions: helping behaviors toward coworkers and support for the organization.