So sánh phương pháp

	Kiểm định tính bất biến của phép đo đa nhóm	Phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Thống kê
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1971–1993	—
Người khởi xướng	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)	—
Loại	Model comparison / hypothesis testing	Latent variable / dimension reduction
Công trình gốc	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.	Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.
Tên gọi khác	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing	common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis
Liên quan	6	4
Tóm tắt	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.	Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance.