So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình nước ngầm MODFLOW	Luồng giao thông (Mô hình LWR)	Thủy văn đơn vị
Lĩnh vực	Kỹ thuật xây dựng	Kỹ thuật xây dựng	Kỹ thuật xây dựng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017)	1955	1932
Người khởi xướng	Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey)	M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham	L. K. Sherman
Loại	Numerical groundwater flow simulation	Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws	Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow
Công trình gốc	Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16.	Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316.	Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505.
Tên gọi khác	MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model	LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory	UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis
Liên quan	0	3	3
Tóm tắt	MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies.	The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways.	The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment.