So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Nhận thức Chú tâm Tỉnh thức	PERMA Profiler
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học tích cực	Tâm lý học tích cực
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2003	2016
Người khởi xướng	Kirk Warren Brown and Richard M. Ryan	James Butler and Margaret Kern
Loại	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.	Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
Tên gọi khác	MAAS	PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), developed by Brown and Ryan in 2003, is a 15-item measure of dispositional mindfulness—the tendency to maintain present-moment awareness in daily life. Operationalizing mindfulness as the capacity to pay attention to what is happening now rather than being caught in automatic thought or rumination, the MAAS assesses a core dimension of well-being. Research shows mindfulness predicts reduced stress and anxiety, improved emotion regulation, and greater psychological well-being and resilience.	The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions.