So sánh phương pháp

	McDonald-Kreitman Test	Lý thuyết Coalescent	Quét chọn lọc (Tajima's D)
Lĩnh vực	Di truyền học	Di truyền học	Di truyền học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1991	1982	1989
Người khởi xướng	James McDonald & Martin Kreitman	John Kingman	Fumio Tajima
Loại	Hypothesis test	Stochastic process model	Neutrality test
Công trình gốc	McDonald, J. H., & Kreitman, M. (1991). Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature, 351(6328), 652–654.	Kingman, J. F. C. (1982). The coalescent. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 13(3), 235–248.	Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123(3), 585–595.
Tên gọi khác	MK test, Positive selection test	Kingman Coalescent, n-coalescent	Tajima's D test, Selective sweep analysis, Neutrality test
Liên quan	4	4	4
Tóm tắt	The McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test is a statistical method for detecting adaptive evolution by comparing ratios of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions within and between species. Developed by James McDonald and Martin Kreitman in 1991, this test exploits the key insight that neutral mutations accumulate at similar rates within and between species, while adaptive (nonsynonymous) substitutions should be enriched between species if they have been fixed by positive selection. The MK test has become a standard tool in molecular evolutionary biology for identifying genes under natural selection.	Coalescent theory is a probabilistic framework that traces the genealogical history of DNA sequences backward in time to their most recent common ancestor. Developed by John Kingman in 1982, this method forms the foundation of modern population genetics, enabling researchers to understand demographic events, estimate genetic parameters, and reconstruct evolutionary histories from modern genetic data.	Tajima's D is a statistical test designed to detect selective sweeps—recent, rapid fixation of advantageous mutations—from patterns of genetic variation in DNA sequences. Developed by Fumio Tajima in 1989, this test measures deviations from neutrality by comparing different measures of DNA sequence diversity. A significant Tajima's D value indicates departure from neutral evolution, suggesting positive selection, population structure, or demographic events.