So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích nhân tố xác nhận theo chiều dọc	Phân tích nhân tố khẳng định đa cấp (MCFA)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1970s–1990s	1994
Người khởi xướng	Karl Jöreskog (CFA framework); longitudinal extension by Wheaton, Muthén, and Alwin in the 1970s–1990s	Bengt O. Muthen
Loại	Longitudinal latent variable / measurement model	Latent variable model / measurement model
Công trình gốc	Widaman, K. F. & Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281–324). American Psychological Association.	Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398.
Tên gọi khác	longitudinal CFA, repeated-measures CFA, longitudinal measurement model, panel CFA	MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	Longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis (longitudinal CFA) applies a theoretically specified measurement model to data collected at two or more time points. Its primary purpose is to verify that a scale measures the same latent construct in the same way over time — a prerequisite for drawing valid conclusions about change from repeated-measures data.	Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations.