So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Phân bổ-Địa điểm	Phân tích Quyết định Đa Tiêu Chí dựa trên GIS (GIS-MCDA)	Lập trình nguyên (Integer Programming	Lập trình tuyến tính
Lĩnh vực	Phân tích không gian	Phân tích không gian	Tối ưu hóa	Tối ưu hóa
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1963	2006	1958	1947
Người khởi xướng	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Ralph Gomory (cutting planes, 1958); land-and-doig branch-and-bound (1960)	George B. Dantzig
Loại	Spatial facility-location optimization	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Mathematical optimisation — exact combinatorial method	Mathematical programming / continuous optimization
Công trình gốc	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Wolsey, L.A. (1998). Integer Programming. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471283669	Dantzig, G.B. (1963). Linear Programming and Extensions. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691059136
Tên gọi khác	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	IP, MIP, mixed-integer programming, mixed-integer linear programming	LP, linear optimization, Doğrusal Programlama (LP)
Liên quan	4	4	4	4
Tóm tắt	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Integer programming (IP), also called mixed-integer programming (MIP) when only some variables are restricted to whole numbers, is a branch of mathematical optimisation in which some or all decision variables must take integer or binary values. Building on linear programming, it was formalised through Ralph Gomory's cutting-plane method (1958) and the Land-and-Doig branch-and-bound algorithm (1960), and it has since become the standard exact framework for scheduling, assignment, routing, and resource-allocation problems.	Linear programming (LP), pioneered by George B. Dantzig in 1947, is a mathematical method for finding the best value of a linear objective function — such as minimum cost or maximum profit — subject to a set of linear inequality and equality constraints. It is the foundational technique in operations research and underlies production planning, resource allocation, logistics, diet problems, and countless other decision-making scenarios across engineering, economics, and the natural sciences.