So sánh phương pháp

	Cân bằng xác suất nghịch đảo trong Nghiên cứu Giáo dục	Ghép cặp điểm xu hướng
Lĩnh vực	Suy luận nhân quả	Thống kê nghiên cứu
Họ	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1983–2003	1983
Người khởi xướng	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score, 1983); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient IPW, 2003)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Loại	Causal weighting estimator	Method
Công trình gốc	Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Tên gọi khác	IPW in education, propensity-weighted analysis, IPTW education, inverse probability treatment weighting	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Liên quan	6	3
Tóm tắt	Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) is a causal inference technique that reweights observational education data to mimic a randomised experiment. Each student or school is assigned a weight equal to the inverse of the probability they received the treatment — thereby creating a pseudo-population in which programme participation is independent of measured background characteristics. The method is widely used in education research to evaluate school programmes, interventions, and policies from administrative or survey data.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.