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| Thang đo Tiếp xúc Liên nhóm× | Thang đo bài ngoại× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Xã hội học chính trị | Xã hội học chính trị |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1954–2008 | 2009–2016 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp | Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter |
| Loại | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | ICS, Contact Quality Index | XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale |
| Liên quan | 5 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations. | The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts. |
| ScholarGateBộ dữ liệu ↗ |
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