So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Năng lực Tự thân Tổng quát	Thang đo Lòng Tự Trắc Ẩn
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1995	2003
Người khởi xướng	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem	Kristin Neff
Loại	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure	Mindful self-kindness and psychological resilience measure
Công trình gốc	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286	Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250.
Tên gọi khác	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy	SCS, Neff Self-Compassion Scale
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.	The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26-item measure assessing self-compassion—the capacity to relate to oneself with kindness and understanding, rather than harsh self-judgment, in the face of difficulty or failure. Developed by Kristin Neff in 2003, the SCS operationalizes self-compassion as a multidimensional construct involving self-kindness (versus self-criticism), common humanity (versus isolation), and mindfulness (versus over-identification with negative emotions). The instrument has become standard in clinical, positive psychology, and health psychology research examining resilience, well-being, and mental health.