So sánh phương pháp

	Bản đồ nhận thức mờ (Fuzzy Cognitive Maps - FCM)	Mô hình hóa dựa trên tác nhân (ABM)
Lĩnh vực	Tính toán mềm	Mô phỏng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1986	1970s–1990s (formalized as a field)
Người khởi xướng	Bart Kosko	Thomas Schelling and Robert Axelrod (foundational contributions, 1970s–1990s)
Loại	Fuzzy causal/feedback network for scenario analysis	Computational simulation method
Công trình gốc	Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy cognitive maps. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 24(1), 65–75.	Axelrod, R. (1997). The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration. Princeton University Press.
Tên gọi khác	FCM, Kosko cognitive map, causal cognitive map, bulanık bilişsel haritalar	ABM, Ajan Tabanlı Modelleme (ABM), multi-agent simulation, individual-based modeling
Liên quan	4	5
Tóm tắt	A fuzzy cognitive map, introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986, represents a system as a network of concepts connected by signed, weighted causal links, and simulates how the concepts influence one another over time. By combining the intuitive structure of a cognitive map with fuzzy weights and iterative activation, FCMs let experts encode causal knowledge and then run what-if scenarios — making them popular for policy analysis, strategic decision-making, and modelling complex socio-technical systems.	Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a computational simulation method, formalized through the work of Thomas Schelling and Robert Axelrod in the 1970s–1990s, that simulates the behavior of complex systems by specifying and running autonomous agents — individuals, firms, cells, or any bounded entity — whose local interactions with each other and with their environment collectively produce global, system-level patterns that could not be predicted from any single agent's rules alone.