So sánh phương pháp

	Điều chỉnh cửa trước (Tiêu chuẩn cửa trước)	Các thuật toán Khám phá Nhân quả (PC, FCI, LiNGAM)	Nhận dạng nhân quả với Đồ thị có hướng không chu trình (do-calculus)	Thiết kế Gián đoạn Hồi quy (Regression Discontinuity Design - RDD)	Biến công cụ thông qua Bình phương tối thiểu hai giai đoạn (IV/2SLS)
Lĩnh vực	Suy luận nhân quả	Suy luận nhân quả	Suy luận nhân quả	Suy luận nhân quả	Suy luận nhân quả
Họ	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1995	2000	2009	2008	2009
Người khởi xướng	Judea Pearl	Spirtes, Glymour & Scheines (PC/FCI); Shimizu et al. (LiNGAM)	Judea Pearl	Imbens & Lemieux (guide to practice); Cattaneo, Idrobo & Titiunik (practical introduction)	Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment); Stock & Yogo (weak-instrument theory)
Loại	Causal identification (graphical adjustment)	Causal structure learning	Causal identification framework	Quasi-experimental causal design	Instrumental-variables regression
Công trình gốc	Pearl, J. (1995). Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research. Biometrika, 82(4), 669-688.	Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction, and Search (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262194402	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606	Imbens, G. W., & Lemieux, T. (2008). Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to Practice. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 615-635.	Angrist, J. D. & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Tên gọi khác	frontdoor criterion, Pearl's frontdoor adjustment, frontdoor formula, Ön Kapı Düzenlemesi (Frontdoor Adjustment)	PC algorithm, FCI algorithm, LiNGAM, causal structure learning	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)	RDD, regression discontinuity design, sharp RDD, fuzzy RDD	instrumental variables, IV estimation, 2SLS, instrumental variable regression
Liên quan	4	5	5	5	5
Tóm tắt	Frontdoor adjustment is Judea Pearl's graphical identification strategy, introduced in 1995, that recovers the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome through a fully mediating variable even when an unobserved confounder sits between the treatment and the outcome. It is the go-to tool when the backdoor criterion cannot be satisfied because the confounder is unmeasured.	Causal discovery is a family of algorithms that automatically learn a directed acyclic graph (DAG) describing causal structure directly from observational data. The constraint-based PC and FCI algorithms were developed by Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines (2000), while the LiNGAM model of Shimizu et al. (2006) exploits linear non-Gaussian structure to orient edges.	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.	Regression Discontinuity Design is a quasi-experimental method that identifies a causal effect by locally comparing units just above and just below a cutoff on a continuous assignment (running) variable. Formalised for applied work by Imbens and Lemieux (2008) and developed as a practical framework by Cattaneo, Idrobo, and Titiunik (2020), it estimates a local average treatment effect (LATE) at the threshold.	IV/2SLS is a two-stage estimation method that recovers the causal effect of an endogenous regressor by isolating the part of its variation driven by an external instrument. It is the workhorse identification strategy in modern applied econometrics, developed at length in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics (2009).