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| Kiểm định Friedman× | Kiểm định hoán vị (Ngẫu nhiên hóa)× | Phân tích phương sai đo lặp (Repeated-measures ANOVA)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Thống kê | Thống kê | Thống kê |
| Họ≠ | Hypothesis test | Regression model | Hypothesis test |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1937 | 2005 | 1992 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Milton Friedman | Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition | Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013) |
| Loại≠ | Nonparametric repeated-measures comparison (by ranks) | Nonparametric resampling test | Parametric within-subjects mean comparison |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675–701. DOI ↗ | Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792 | Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185 |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks, Friedman rank test, Friedman Testi | randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi | within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA |
| Liên quan≠ | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Friedman test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that compares three or more related conditions measured on the same blocks or subjects, serving as the rank-based alternative to repeated-measures ANOVA. It was introduced by Milton Friedman in 1937 and works on ordinal or continuous data without assuming normality. | The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value. | Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013). |
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