So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Fourier TGARCH	Mô hình TGARCH (Threshold GARCH)
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế lượng	Kinh tế lượng
Họ	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1994 / 2012	1993-1994
Người khởi xướng	Zakoian (1994) for TGARCH; Enders and Lee (2012) for Fourier approximation framework	Zakoian (1994); Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993)
Loại	Volatility model with asymmetric leverage and Fourier smooth breaks	Asymmetric volatility model
Công trình gốc	Zakoian, J.-M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5), 931-955.	Zakoian, J.-M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5), 931-955.
Tên gọi khác	Fourier TGARCH, Fourier Threshold GARCH, Fourier GJR-GARCH, smooth structural break TGARCH	Threshold GARCH, TGARCH, GJR-GARCH, asymmetric GARCH
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	The Fourier TGARCH model extends the Threshold GARCH framework by embedding Fourier trigonometric terms in the conditional variance equation to capture smooth, gradual structural breaks in volatility dynamics. It jointly models asymmetric leverage effects — where negative shocks amplify volatility more than positive shocks of the same magnitude — and time-varying intercept shifts caused by unobserved structural change.	The Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) model extends the standard GARCH framework by allowing positive and negative return shocks to have asymmetric effects on conditional variance. Negative shocks — bad news — typically amplify volatility more than positive shocks of the same magnitude, a stylised fact known as the leverage effect. TGARCH captures this asymmetry through a threshold indicator that switches on when the previous period's shock was negative.