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| Ước lượng Sai phân Bậc nhất× | Mô hình Hiệu ứng Cố định Dữ liệu Bảng× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Kinh tế lượng | Kinh tế lượng |
| Họ | Regression model | Regression model |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 2010 | 2014 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Jeffrey Wooldridge (treatment) | Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data |
| Loại≠ | Panel data estimator | Panel data regression |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0-262-23258-8 | Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | FD Estimator, First-Difference Panel Estimator, First-Difference OLS, Birinci Fark Tahmincisi | fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli |
| Liên quan≠ | 2 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The First-Difference (FD) estimator is a panel data method that eliminates unobserved, time-invariant individual heterogeneity by subtracting each unit's observation in period t-1 from its observation in period t. By operating on changes rather than levels, FD removes any fixed individual effect that would otherwise confound causal inference. It is widely used in labor economics, program evaluation, and applied microeconomics whenever researchers suspect persistent unobserved differences across individuals, firms, or countries. | The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014). |
| ScholarGateBộ dữ liệu ↗ |
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