So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích ẩn dụ dựa trên thực địa	Phân tích nội dung	Dân tộc học	Phân tích ẩn dụ
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s (field-based applications)	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	Theoretical foundation 1980; systematic research applications from 1990s onward
Người khởi xướng	Rooted in Lakoff & Johnson (1980); field-based application developed across educational and social science research from the 1990s onward	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (Conceptual Metaphor Theory); Jonathan Charteris-Black (Critical Metaphor Analysis)
Loại	Qualitative analytic method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013
Tên gọi khác	field metaphor elicitation, naturalistic metaphor analysis, contextual metaphor analysis, FbMA	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Conceptual Metaphor Analysis, Metaphor Elicitation, Critical Metaphor Analysis, Linguistic Metaphor Analysis
Liên quan	5	5	5	6
Tóm tắt	Field-based metaphor analysis is a qualitative method that collects and interprets spontaneous or elicited metaphors from participants in their natural settings. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory, it reveals how individuals and communities structure abstract concepts — such as teaching, leadership, or illness — through figurative language encountered or produced in real contexts. Unlike purely document-based metaphor studies, field-based variants combine data collection in natural field settings with systematic analytic coding.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Metaphor Analysis is a qualitative method that identifies, classifies, and interprets the metaphors embedded in language to reveal how speakers and writers conceptualise experience, construct meaning, and exercise ideological influence. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory, it treats metaphor not as a literary decoration but as a fundamental cognitive structure — ARGUMENT IS WAR, TIME IS MONEY — that shapes how people think, reason, and act. It is widely applied in psychology, education, political discourse, health communication, and organisational research.