So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích diễn ngôn	Dân tộc học	Hiện tượng luận
Lĩnh vực	Nghiên cứu định tính	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	Early 20th century (Husserl ~1900–1913; Heidegger ~1927)
Người khởi xướng	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Edmund Husserl (transcendental); Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic)
Loại	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research approach
Công trình gốc	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466
Tên gọi khác	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Fenomenoloji, phenomenological inquiry, phenomenological analysis
Liên quan	2	5	6
Tóm tắt	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates how participants live through and make sense of a specific experience. Rooted in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and extended by Martin Heidegger, it aims to reveal the essential structures of lived experience rather than to measure or predict outcomes. The two most widely applied variants are Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, which seeks universal essences, and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, which emphasises interpretation within context.