So sánh phương pháp

	Gọi biến thể vi sai	Phân tích Biến thể Số lượng Bản sao	Phân tích biểu hiện gen khác biệt RNA-seq
Lĩnh vực	Tin sinh học	Tin sinh học	Tin sinh học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2009–2013 (field matured with NGS; seminal tools 2009–2013)	1998–2006	2008–2010 (RNA-seq DE methodology established)
Người khởi xướng	Multiple groups; key tools: VarScan (Koboldt et al.), MuTect (Cibulskis et al.), GATK Haplotype Caller (DePristo et al.)	Pinkel et al. (array CGH); Redon et al. (genome-wide CNV map)	Multiple groups; foundational methods from Anders & Huber (DESeq, 2010), Robinson, McCarthy & Smyth (edgeR, 2010)
Loại	Comparative genomic analysis pipeline	Genomic structural variant detection pipeline	Quantitative genomics pipeline
Công trình gốc	Koboldt, D.C., Zhang, Q., Larson, D.E., Shen, D., McLellan, M.D., Lin, L., Miller, C.A., Mardis, E.R., Ding, L., & Wilson, R.K. (2012). VarScan 2: somatic mutation and copy number alteration discovery in cancer by exome sequencing. Genome Research, 22(3), 568–576.	Redon, R., Ishikawa, S., Fitch, K. R., et al. (2006). Global variation in copy number in the human genome. Nature, 444(7118), 444–454.	Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014). Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biology, 15(12), 550.
Tên gọi khác	somatic variant calling, comparative variant analysis, tumor-normal variant calling, differential SNV/indel calling	CNV analysis, copy number variant detection, CNV calling, somatic copy number alteration analysis	RNA-seq DE analysis, transcriptomic differential expression, bulk RNA-seq DE, DEA
Liên quan	2	6	6
Tóm tắt	Differential variant calling is a bioinformatics pipeline that identifies genetic variants — single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions/deletions (indels), and structural variants — that are present in one biological sample or condition but absent (or significantly enriched) in a paired reference sample. The canonical application is tumor-versus-normal cancer genomics, where somatic mutations unique to the tumor are distinguished from germline variants shared with normal tissue. The same logic applies to comparing treated vs. untreated cell lines, evolved vs. ancestral strains, or case vs. control cohorts in population genomics.	Copy number variation (CNV) analysis is a genomic pipeline for detecting regions where individuals carry fewer or more copies of a DNA segment than the reference genome. CNVs span kilobases to megabases and are a major class of structural variation implicated in cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and population diversity. The pipeline typically processes SNP array intensities or read-depth signals from whole-genome sequencing, applies segmentation algorithms, calls gain and loss events, and annotates them against gene and clinical databases.	RNA-seq differential expression (DE) analysis identifies genes whose transcript abundance differs significantly between two or more biological conditions — for example, treated versus control, or diseased versus healthy tissue. Starting from raw sequencing reads, the pipeline moves through alignment, count-based normalization, statistical modeling of count dispersion, hypothesis testing, and multiple-testing correction to produce a ranked list of differentially expressed genes accompanied by fold-change estimates and adjusted p-values.