So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Hình ảnh Điểm đến	Thang đo Lòng trung thành của Khách du lịch
Lĩnh vực	Quản trị du lịch	Quản trị du lịch
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1991	2000
Người khởi xướng	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.	Oppermann, M.
Loại	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale	Self-report questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.	Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 78-84.
Tên gọi khác	DIS, Destination Perception Scale	TLS, Destination Loyalty Scale
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.	The Tourist Loyalty Scale (TLS) measures the extent to which visitors intend to return to a destination and recommend it to others, reflecting behavioral commitment and preference relative to competing destinations. Developed by Oppermann (2000) and refined across multiple tourism contexts, the TLS captures the ultimate outcome of satisfaction and destination image—willingness to invest time and money in repeat visitation and endorsement. As the true measure of competitive advantage in tourism, loyalty drives revenue stability, positive reputation, and ecosystem resilience.