So sánh phương pháp

	Cây Quyết định	Extra Trees	Gradient Boosting
Lĩnh vực	Học máy	Học máy	Học máy
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1984	2006	2001
Người khởi xướng	Breiman, Friedman, Olshen & Stone	Geurts, P.; Ernst, D.; Wehenkel, L.	Friedman, J. H.
Loại	Recursive partitioning (if-then rules)	Ensemble (extremely randomized decision trees)	Ensemble (sequential boosting of decision trees)
Công trình gốc	Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. & Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth.	Geurts, P., Ernst, D. & Wehenkel, L. (2006). Extremely randomized trees. Machine Learning, 63(1), 3–42.	Friedman, J. H. (2001). Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics, 29(5), 1189–1232.
Tên gọi khác	Karar Ağacı (Decision Tree), karar ağacı, classification tree, regression tree	Extremely Randomized Trees, ExtraTreesClassifier, ExtraTreesRegressor, ET	Gradient Boosting (GBM), GBM, gradient boosted trees, gradient boosting machine
Liên quan	5	5	5
Tóm tắt	A Decision Tree is an interpretable classification and regression method, formalised by Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone in their 1984 CART framework, that partitions the data with hierarchical if-then rules. Each split sends observations down one branch or another until a prediction is read off the leaf.	Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees), introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006, is an ensemble of decision trees that pushes randomisation further than Random Forest. Both the candidate features and the split thresholds are chosen completely at random at each node, eliminating the greedy search over thresholds. This extra randomness reduces variance, often matches or exceeds Random Forest accuracy, and runs substantially faster at training time.	Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning method, formalised by Jerome H. Friedman in 2001, that combines a sequence of weak learners — typically shallow decision trees — so that each new tree is fitted to minimise the residual errors of the trees before it. It is the core algorithm behind popular implementations such as XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost.