So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Khuynh hướng Tư duy Phản biện	Bảng câu hỏi về quy trình học tập
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học giáo dục	Tâm lý học giáo dục
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1992	1987
Người khởi xướng	Peter Facione	John Biggs
Loại	Critical thinking propensity measurement	Self-report learning process inventory
Công trình gốc	Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Giancarlo, C. A. F. (1992). The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Insight Assessment, Millbrae, CA.	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.
Tên gọi khác	CTDS, California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, CCTDI	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS), exemplified by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI), measures the extent to which individuals exhibit cognitive dispositions conducive to critical thinking. Developed by Facione (1992), it assesses dimensions including truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analytical orientation, self-confidence, systematic approach, and inquisitiveness. Critical thinking dispositions—the habits of mind and values that support rigorous reasoning—are distinct from but complementary to critical thinking skills.	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.