So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA)	Phân tích Cronbach's Alpha (Độ tin cậy)	Phân tích thành phần chính	Mô hình phương trình cấu trúc (SEM)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Thống kê	Học máy	Thống kê
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure	Machine learning	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1969	1951	2002	1970
Người khởi xướng	Karl Gustav Jöreskog	Lee J. Cronbach	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)	Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s)
Loại	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction	Latent variable / causal modeling
Công trình gốc	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540
Tên gọi khác	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform	Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling
Liên quan	4	4	3	5
Tóm tắt	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.	Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.