So sánh phương pháp

	Thí nghiệm ngẫu nhiên phân cụm nhiều nhánh	Thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên thích ứng
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s (systematic formalization)	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)
Người khởi xướng	Building on cluster randomization (Donner & Klar) and multi-arm trial methods developed in clinical and public health research	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature
Loại	Experimental design	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT
Công trình gốc	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690
Tên gọi khác	multi-arm cluster RCT, cluster-randomized multi-group trial, multi-arm group-randomized trial, CRCT multi-arm	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	A cluster randomized multi-arm experiment assigns intact groups — such as schools, clinics, or villages — rather than individuals to three or more experimental conditions simultaneously. Randomization occurs at the cluster level to prevent contamination between arms, while the multi-arm structure allows simultaneous evaluation of several interventions against a common control or each other, improving efficiency over a series of two-arm studies.	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.