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| Ước lượng Trung bình Nhóm Ảnh hưởng Tương quan Chung (CCEMG)× | Các kiểm định đồng tích hợp bảng (Pedroni, Kao, Westerlund)× | Mô hình Hiệu ứng Cố định Dữ liệu Bảng× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Kinh tế lượng | Kinh tế lượng | Kinh tế lượng |
| Họ | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 2006 | 2004 | 2014 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | M. Hashem Pesaran | Pedroni; Kao; Westerlund | Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data |
| Loại≠ | Heterogeneous panel estimator | Panel cointegration test | Panel data regression |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012. DOI ↗ | Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(3), 597–625. DOI ↗ | Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | common correlated effects, CCE, CCEMG, Pesaran CCE estimator | Pedroni cointegration test, Kao cointegration test, Westerlund cointegration test, panel long-run equilibrium tests | fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli |
| Liên quan≠ | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimator, introduced by Pesaran in 2006, is a heterogeneous panel-data estimator that controls for cross-sectional dependence by approximating unobserved common factors with the cross-section averages of the variables. It remains consistent when the slope coefficients differ across units. | Panel cointegration tests check whether a set of integrated variables share a stable long-run equilibrium relationship across a panel of cross-sectional units. Pedroni (1999, 2004) provides heterogeneous-panel tests with seven statistics, Kao (1999) gives an ADF-based homogeneous-panel test, and Westerlund (2007) adds error-correction-based tests robust to structural breaks and cross-sectional dependence. | The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014). |
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