So sánh phương pháp

	Bảng câu hỏi về các rào cản đối với hoạt động thể chất	Thang đo Tự hiệu quả Tập luyện
Lĩnh vực	Hành vi sức khỏe	Hành vi sức khỏe
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1987	1997
Người khởi xướng	Karen Sechrist, Susan Noble Walker, and Nola J. Pender	Albert Bandura; validated by Resnick & Jenkins
Loại	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Sechrist, K. R., Walker, S. N., & Pender, N. J. (1987). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 10(6), 357-365.	Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
Tên gọi khác	BPA Scale, Exercise Barriers	Exercise Confidence Scale, Physical Activity Self-Efficacy
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPA) is a scale designed to identify and measure perceived obstacles to exercise engagement. Rooted in the Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model, the BPA assesses multiple categories of barriers—time constraints, lack of motivation, physical discomfort, cost, lack of facilities, social/family factors, and weather—that individuals perceive as preventing or limiting physical activity. Understanding which barriers are most salient for a given individual or population enables targeted intervention design, such as time management coaching, facility access solutions, or social support programs. The BPA is widely used in primary care, community health, occupational health, and exercise research to segment populations and tailor physical activity prescriptions.	The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale measures an individual's confidence in their ability to exercise regularly and maintain physical activity despite challenges. Grounded in Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy is the belief that one has the capability to execute a specific behavior and achieve desired outcomes. For exercise, self-efficacy encompasses confidence in overcoming barriers (time, fatigue, weather), maintaining consistency, and managing setbacks or relapse. Research consistently demonstrates that exercise self-efficacy is one of the strongest predictors of exercise adherence; individuals with high confidence are more likely to initiate exercise, persist through difficulties, and maintain activity over time. The scale is widely used in primary care, cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, weight management, diabetes care, and exercise research to assess readiness for behavior change and to evaluate interventions designed to boost confidence.