Порівняння методів

	GCTA	Полігенний показник ризику
Галузь	Генетика	Генетика
Родина	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Рік появи	2011	2007
Автор методу	Jian Yang & Peter Visscher	Shaun Purcell & Nicholas Wray
Тип	Computational analysis tool	Predictive genomic method
Основоположне джерело	Yang, J., Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011). GCTA: A tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics, 88(1), 76–82.	Purcell, S. M., Wray, N. R., Stone, J. L., Visscher, P. M., O'Donovan, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., & Sklar, P. (2007). Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia. Nature, 460(7256), 748–752.
Інші назви	GREML, Genome-wide complex trait analysis, Heritability estimation	PRS, Polygenic score, Genomic risk score
Пов'язані	4	4
Підсумок	GCTA (Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis) is a computational toolkit for estimating heritability and genetic correlations from genome-wide genotype and phenotype data. Developed by Yang and Visscher in 2011, GCTA uses genome-wide restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) to partition phenotypic variance into components explained by common SNPs, environmental factors, and residual variation. GCTA has become a standard tool for understanding the proportion of trait variation attributable to genetics across complex diseases and quantitative traits.	A polygenic risk score (PRS) is a summary measure that aggregates the effects of many genetic variants across the genome to predict an individual's genetic predisposition to disease or other complex traits. Developed initially by Purcell and colleagues in 2007, PRS methods combine genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with an individual's genotype to generate a personalized risk estimate. PRS approaches have transformed precision medicine by enabling risk stratification and early intervention in populations at high genetic risk.