Observational designs
42 methods in this family.
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Comparative Cross-Sectional ResearchComparative cross-sectional research is a quantitative observational design that measures and compares characteristics, attitudes, or outcomes across two or more pre-defined groupsComparative Descriptive ResearchComparative descriptive research is a non-experimental quantitative design that systematically documents characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, or conditions across two or more natComparative Longitudinal ResearchComparative longitudinal research tracks two or more distinct groups across multiple time points, enabling researchers to observe how outcomes change over time and whether those trComparative Panel ResearchComparative panel research tracks the same individuals, organizations, or macro-level units (e.g., countries, regions) across multiple time points while simultaneously comparing fiComparative Trend ResearchComparative trend research is a quantitative non-experimental design that tracks changes in one or more variables over time within two or more distinct groups or populations. By drConcurrent Case-Focused Mixed MethodsConcurrent case-focused mixed methods is a research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected simultaneously — rather than in sequence — and both strands are
All methods 42
Comparative Cross-Sectional ResearchComparative Descriptive ResearchComparative Longitudinal ResearchComparative Panel ResearchComparative Trend ResearchConcurrent Case-Focused Mixed MethodsCross-sectional causal-comparative researchCross-sectional ex post facto designCross-sectional Quantitative Content AnalysisEqual-weight case-focused mixed methodsLongitudinal Causal-Comparative ResearchLongitudinal Cohort ResearchLongitudinal Confirmatory ResearchLongitudinal Cross-Sectional ResearchLongitudinal Ex Post Facto DesignLongitudinal Explanatory ResearchLongitudinal Hypothesis Testing ResearchLongitudinal Model Testing ResearchLongitudinal Quantitative Content AnalysisLongitudinal ResearchLongitudinal Survey ResearchMultivariate Cohort ResearchMultivariate Cross-Sectional ResearchMultivariate Longitudinal ResearchMultivariate Panel ResearchPanel ResearchPanel-based Causal-Comparative ResearchPanel-based Cohort ResearchPanel-based Confirmatory ResearchPanel-based cross-sectional researchPanel-based Descriptive ResearchPanel-based ex post facto designPanel-based exploratory quantitative researchPanel-based Observational Quantitative ResearchPanel-based quantitative content analysisPanel-based survey researchPanel-based trend researchQualitative-dominant case-focused mixed methodsQuantitative-dominant case-focused mixed methodsSequential Case-Focused Mixed MethodsSimulation-assisted cross-sectional researchTrend Research