เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	zk-SNARK	การเข้ารหัสลับฐานแลตทิซ	zk-STARK
สาขาวิชา	วิทยาการเข้ารหัสลับ	วิทยาการเข้ารหัสลับ	วิทยาการเข้ารหัสลับ
ตระกูล	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
ปีกำเนิด	2014	1996	2018
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Eli Ben-Sasson	Miklós Ajtai	Eli Ben-Sasson
ประเภท	zero-knowledge argument of knowledge	public-key cryptosystem based on lattice hardness	transparent zero-knowledge argument of knowledge
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Ben-Sasson, E., Chiesa, A., Garman, C., Green, M., Miers, I., Tromer, E., & Virza, M. (2014). Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 459-474.	Ajtai, M. (1996). Generating hard instances of the short basis problem. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 99-108.	Ben-Sasson, E., Bentov, I., Horesh, Y., & Riabzev, M. (2019). Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity. In IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2018/046.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	zk-SNARK, zero-knowledge proof, SNARK	lattice cryptography, post-quantum lattice cryptography	zk-STARK, transparent argument of knowledge, STARK
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3	3
สรุป	A zk-SNARK (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system that allows a prover to convince a verifier that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the statement's validity. The acronym describes its key properties: it requires no interaction, proofs are short (succinct), and verification is efficient. zk-SNARKs were popularized by their application in the Zcash cryptocurrency but have since found use in blockchain scaling solutions, privacy-preserving computations, and verifiable computing.	Lattice-based cryptography is a class of cryptosystems whose security is derived from the computational hardness of lattice problems, particularly the shortest vector problem (SVP) and learning with errors (LWE). First proposed by Miklós Ajtai in 1996, lattice-based approaches have gained prominence as the leading candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Unlike RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum computers, lattice problems are believed to remain hard even against quantum algorithms.	A zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system allowing a prover to convince a verifier of a computation's correctness without trusted setup or revealing computational details. Introduced by Ben-Sasson and colleagues in 2018, zk-STARKs address a key limitation of zk-SNARKs: they require no preprocessing phase vulnerable to corruption. Instead, STARKs rely only on cryptographic hash functions, making them simpler, more transparent, and believed to be post-quantum secure.