เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การปรับปรุงแบบรีตเวลด์ด้วย XRD	CALPHAD
สาขาวิชา	วัสดุศาสตร์	วัสดุศาสตร์
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1969	1970
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Hugo Rietveld	Larry Kaufman
ประเภท	Refinement method	Computational method
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Rietveld, H. M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2(2), 65-71.	Kaufman, L., & Bernstein, H. (1970). Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams. Academic Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Rietveld refinement, powder diffraction refinement	CALPHAD method, computational thermodynamics
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	XRD Rietveld Refinement is a method for extracting detailed crystal structure information from powder diffraction data by comparing observed and calculated diffraction patterns through least-squares refinement. Developed by Hugo Rietveld in 1969, this technique enables determination of atomic positions, occupancies, thermal parameters, and phase fractions directly from powder data without requiring single crystals. It is the standard approach in materials characterization for structural analysis, phase identification, and quantification.	CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a computational method for predicting thermodynamic equilibrium properties and phase diagrams of multicomponent alloys. Pioneered by Larry Kaufman in 1970, CALPHAD combines experimental and computational data to assess thermodynamic properties of phases and subsequently predict equilibrium conditions. It is the standard methodology in physical metallurgy and materials design for alloy development, process optimization, and understanding phase stability.