เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การคัดลอกข้อความโดยตรง	การตรวจจับความคล้ายคลึงกันด้วย Turnitin และ iThenticate
สาขาวิชา	จริยธรรมการวิจัย	จริยธรรมการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1950s	1997
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Turnitin (1997), iThenticate (commercial variant)
ประเภท	Concept	Tool
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.	Turnitin. (2023). Turnitin similarity detection and plagiarism detection technology. Retrieved from https://www.turnitin.com/products/similarity
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying	text-matching software, plagiarism detection software, similarity detection, originality reports
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	2
สรุป	Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences.	Turnitin and iThenticate are commercial text-matching software tools used by educational institutions and academic journals to screen submissions for potential plagiarism. Turnitin is designed for student assignments; iThenticate is designed for researcher manuscripts. Both tools compare submitted text against billions of sources (web pages, academic databases, previously submitted documents) and generate a Similarity Index showing what percentage of the submission matches existing sources. These tools are screening instruments, not plagiarism detectors—they flag suspicious content for human review.