เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Value-Belief-Norm Model (VBN)	Attitude-Behavior-Context Model (ABC)
สาขาวิชา	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	1999	1995
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Paul C. Stern, Thomas Dietz, Troy Abel, Gregory Guagnano & Linda Kalof	Gregory Guagnano, Paul C. Stern & Thomas Dietz
ประเภท	Causal-chain model of pro-environmental behavior	Interaction model of behavior from attitudes and context
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of Environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 81-97.	Guagnano, G. A., Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1995). Influences on Attitude-Behavior Relationships: A Natural Experiment with Curbside Recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27(5), 699-718.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	VBN Theory, Value-Belief-Norm Theory, Stern VBN Model, Values-Beliefs-Norms Causal Chain	ABC Theory, Attitude-Behavior-Context Framework, Guagnano-Stern-Dietz Model, A-B-C Interaction Model
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	The value-belief-norm (VBN) model explains pro-environmental behavior as the end of a causal chain that runs from basic human values, through environmental beliefs, to a felt moral obligation that activates action. Paul Stern, Thomas Dietz, and colleagues introduced it in 1999 to account for support for the environmental movement, and Stern elaborated it in 2000 as a general theory of environmentally significant behavior. The chain links Schwartz value orientations (especially biospheric and altruistic values) to an ecological worldview measured by the New Ecological Paradigm, then to awareness of adverse consequences and ascription of responsibility, which in turn activate personal norms — the internalized sense of obligation to act. Those personal norms predict several distinct classes of behavior: environmental activism, non-activist public support, private-sphere behaviors, and behavior in organizations. The model fuses Schwartz's value theory with Schwartz's norm-activation theory and the NEP, and it is typically tested with path analysis or structural equation modeling. VBN remains the leading sociological account of why people act for the environment.	The attitude-behavior-context (ABC) framework explains environmentally significant behavior as the joint product of internal attitudes and external contextual conditions, and crucially as their interaction rather than their sum. Gregory Guagnano, Paul Stern, and Thomas Dietz proposed it in 1995 using a natural experiment on curbside recycling, and Stern incorporated it into his 2000 theory of environmentally significant behavior. The core claim is that attitudes most strongly drive behavior when external conditions are neutral — neither strongly enabling nor strongly blocking the action — and that when context is overwhelmingly favorable or prohibitive, behavior is determined by the context regardless of attitude. Providing recycling bins, for example, raises recycling so much that pro-environmental attitudes add little, while in the absence of any collection even strong attitudes cannot produce the behavior. The framework reconciles the often weak and inconsistent attitude-behavior correlations in environmental research by treating context as a moderator. It is typically estimated as an interaction regression and complements value-belief-norm theory.