เปรียบเทียบวิธี
ดูวิธีที่เลือกเทียบกันแบบเคียงข้าง แถวที่ต่างกันจะถูกเน้นไว้
| การสังเกตแบบไม่เข้าร่วมที่ใช้การตรวจสอบสามเส้า× | การสังเกตแบบไม่เข้าร่วม× | |
|---|---|---|
| สาขาวิชา | ระเบียบวิธีสำรวจ | ระเบียบวิธีสำรวจ |
| ตระกูล | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| ปีกำเนิด≠ | 1958 (observer roles); 1978 (triangulation applied to observation) | Formalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveys |
| ผู้ริเริ่ม≠ | Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); Raymond Gold (observer roles taxonomy) | Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology |
| ประเภท≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative / quantitative observational data collection |
| แหล่งต้นตำรับ≠ | Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ | Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223. DOI ↗ |
| ชื่อเรียกอื่น | triangulated observation, multi-source non-participant observation, observational triangulation, observer triangulation | detached observation, systematic observation, structured field observation, external observation |
| ที่เกี่ยวข้อง≠ | 3 | 5 |
| สรุป≠ | Triangulated non-participant observation systematically combines two or more independent non-participant observation streams — using multiple observers, different time points, or distinct vantage points — to cross-validate field records of naturally occurring behaviour. The researcher remains outside the setting as a detached observer, and triangulation across sources reduces single-observer bias while strengthening the credibility of descriptive findings. | Non-participant observation is a data-collection method in which the researcher observes behavior, interactions, or events in a natural or structured setting without joining or influencing the activity under study. The observer maintains a deliberate distance from participants to minimize their own effect on the phenomena being recorded, producing field notes, behavioral tallies, or recordings that reflect naturally occurring behavior rather than behavior shaped by researcher involvement. |
| ScholarGateชุดข้อมูล ↗ |
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