เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Transit-Oriented Development Analysis	15-Minute City Analysis
สาขาวิชา	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1999	2021
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Luca Bertolini	Carlos Moreno
ประเภท	Diagnostic model of development around public-transport nodes	Descriptive proximity assessment of daily needs by active travel
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Bertolini, L. (1999). Spatial development patterns and public transport: the application of an analytical model in the Netherlands. Planning Practice & Research, 14(2), 199–210.	Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., & Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the "15-Minute City": Sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities. Smart Cities, 4(1), 93–111.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	TOD Analysis, Node-Place Model, Transit Node Assessment, Station Area Development Analysis	Fifteen-Minute City Analysis, Chrono-Urbanism Analysis, Proximity Index Analysis, Quarter-Hour City Assessment
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Transit-oriented development (TOD) analysis evaluates how well the land around public-transport stations supports compact, mixed-use, walkable development that feeds and is fed by transit. Its analytical backbone is Luca Bertolini's 1999 node–place model, which scores every station area on two axes — its value as a transport node and its value as a place of activity — and diagnoses whether the two are in balance. Combined with the classic density, diversity, and design dimensions and with network measures of access to stations, the approach identifies which station areas are under-developed, over-stressed, or ripe for intensification.	15-minute city analysis assesses how many of life's daily needs — shops, schools, healthcare, work, recreation — residents can reach within a short walk or bike ride, typically fifteen minutes, from their homes. Articulated by Carlos Moreno in 2021 under the banner of chrono-urbanism, the concept reorients planning around proximity and time rather than mobility and distance. The analysis operationalizes it by computing walk or cycle isochrones around residential locations and scoring how completely the essential categories of urban functions fall within reach, producing proximity indices that can be mapped, compared across neighbourhoods, and weighted by population.