เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	มาตรวัดเทคโนเฟอเรนซ์	แบบวัดการใช้โซเชียลมีเดียแบบพาสซีฟ (Passive Social Media Use Scale)
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาสื่อสังคม	จิตวิทยาสื่อสังคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2016	2018
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Brandon T. McDaniel and Sarah M. Coyne	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
ประเภท	Self-report	Self-report
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the context of romantic relationships. In R. E. Ackerman (Ed.), The psychology of social networking (Vol. 1, pp. 86–102). Nova Publishers.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Technoference, Phone Interference	PSMUSES, Passive Use
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	The Technoference Scale measures the degree to which smartphone and technology use interferes with interpersonal relationships, particularly in romantic partnerships, families, and close relationships. Developed by McDaniel and Coyne in the mid-2010s, this construct captures a modern phenomenon where digital devices create physical or psychological distance during face-to-face interaction, reducing relationship quality and satisfaction.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.