เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การจัดการน้ำท่า	การประเมินผลกระทบสิ่งแวดล้อม
สาขาวิชา	วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม	วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1980	1970
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Urban hydrologists and engineers	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
ประเภท	design and simulation pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Urbonas, B., & Stahre, P. (1993). Stormwater Best Management Practices and Detention. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 978-0134445915	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	urban stormwater, runoff management, wet weather control, low-impact development	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	4
สรุป	Stormwater management is the planning and engineering of urban water systems to control, treat, and utilize rainwater runoff from developed areas. Traditional approaches (pipes, detention basins) conveyed runoff rapidly to streams or treatment plants; modern green infrastructure approaches (permeable pavements, bioswales, retention ponds) reduce runoff volume through infiltration and reuse while improving water quality. Stormwater management integrates hydrologic modeling, water quality assessment, and infrastructure design to meet regulatory requirements and climate resilience goals.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.