เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การถ่วงน้ำหนักคะแนนแนวโน้มเชิงพื้นที่	Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW / IPTW) การถ่วงน้ำหนักด้วยความน่าจะเป็นผกผัน
สาขาวิชา	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	2000s–2010s	2000
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Extended from Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (2003) IPTW with spatial adaptations by Keele, Titiunik and others in geographically structured causal designs	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
ประเภท	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Causal inference weighting estimator
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	spatial PSW, geographically weighted propensity score weighting, spatial IPTW, spatially adjusted inverse probability weighting	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	5
สรุป	Spatial propensity score weighting extends inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to settings where units are geographically located and treatment assignment may depend on spatial factors such as location, neighborhood characteristics, or spatial clustering. By incorporating spatial covariates into the propensity score model and adjusting standard errors for spatial autocorrelation, it produces more credible causal estimates from observational geographic data.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.