เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Source Criticism (Documentary Hypothesis)	Redaction Criticism
สาขาวิชา	Religious Studies	Religious Studies
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1885	1969
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Julius Wellhausen (classic synthesis); popularized by Richard Elliott Friedman	Günther Bornkamm, Hans Conzelmann, Willi Marxsen; introduced to English by Norman Perrin
ประเภท	Document-separation pipeline reconstructing the written sources of a text	Editorial-analysis pipeline recovering the final author's theology
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Wellhausen, J. (1885). Prolegomena to the History of Israel (trans. J. S. Black & A. Menzies). Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black. [Cambridge Library Collection reprint]. ISBN: 9781108053822	Perrin, N. (1969). What Is Redaction Criticism? Philadelphia: Fortress Press. ISBN: 9780800601812
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Literarkritik, Documentary Hypothesis, JEDP Analysis, Pentateuchal Source Criticism	Redaktionsgeschichte, Composition Criticism, Editorial Criticism, Redaction-Critical Analysis
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Source criticism (Literarkritik) seeks the written documents that lie behind a composite biblical text. Its most famous result is the Documentary Hypothesis, the claim that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) was woven together from four originally independent sources, conventionally labeled J, E, D, and P. The hypothesis grew over the nineteenth century and received its classic synthesis from Julius Wellhausen, whose 1878 Prolegomena to the History of Israel argued that the sources reflect successive stages in the development of Israelite religion. Richard Elliott Friedman's 1987 Who Wrote the Bible? presented the theory to a wide audience with vivid arguments for who wrote each source and when. Source criticism separates the strands by criteria such as the divine name used, doublets, vocabulary, style, and theology, then reconstructs how a redactor combined them.	Redaction criticism (Redaktionsgeschichte) studies the biblical authors not as passive collectors of tradition but as genuine authors and theologians who shaped their inherited material to make a point. Where form criticism dissolved the Gospels into independent oral units, redaction criticism puts the spotlight back on the evangelist who selected, arranged, and edited those units. By comparing the final text with the sources and traditions behind it, the critic isolates the changes the author made, looks for a consistent pattern in those changes, and reads off the theological program that motivated them. Hans Conzelmann's 1953 study of Luke is the classic example, and Norman Perrin's 1969 primer What Is Redaction Criticism? introduced the method to English readers and articulated its logic.