เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Response to Intervention	Educational Growth Curve Modeling
สาขาวิชา	Education	Education
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	2006	1987
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Special education / school psychology field (Deno; Fuchs & Fuchs; Vaughn)	Anthony Bryk & Stephen Raudenbush; Judith Singer & John Willett
ประเภท	Tiered framework for screening, intervention, and learning-disability identification	Longitudinal multilevel model of individual change
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L. S. (2006). Introduction to response to intervention: What, why, and how valid is it? Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), 93–99.	Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195152968
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	RTI, RtI, Multi-Tiered System of Supports, MTSS	Latent Growth Curve Modeling in Education, Multilevel Growth Models for Achievement, Individual Growth Trajectory Analysis, Learning Trajectory Modeling
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Response to intervention (RTI) is a multi-tiered framework for preventing academic failure and identifying students with learning disabilities by their responsiveness to high-quality instruction. All students are screened and taught with evidence-based core instruction; those who fall behind receive progressively more intensive intervention while their progress is closely monitored. Students who fail to respond even to intensive, well-implemented intervention are flagged as needing further evaluation. RTI reframes disability identification from a static test discrepancy to a dynamic question of who does not respond to good teaching.	Educational growth curve modeling is a longitudinal multilevel technique for describing and explaining how individual students change over time on an outcome such as reading or mathematics achievement. Building on the hierarchical linear models framework formalized by Bryk and Raudenbush (1987) and the applied longitudinal treatment of Singer and Willett (2003), it fits each student a personal trajectory — an intercept and one or more slopes — and then models how those personal growth parameters vary across students and relate to learner characteristics, classrooms, and schools.