เปรียบเทียบวิธี
ดูวิธีที่เลือกเทียบกันแบบเคียงข้าง แถวที่ต่างกันจะถูกเน้นไว้
| บันทึกภาคสนามที่ผ่านการทดสอบนำร่อง× | การสังเกตแบบไม่เข้าร่วม× | |
|---|---|---|
| สาขาวิชา | ระเบียบวิธีสำรวจ | ระเบียบวิธีสำรวจ |
| ตระกูล | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| ปีกำเนิด≠ | Field notes: early 20th century; pilot-testing protocols formalised mid-20th century | Formalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveys |
| ผู้ริเริ่ม≠ | Ethnographic tradition (Bronislaw Malinowski, Robert Emerson et al.); pilot testing practice generalised across social sciences | Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology |
| ประเภท≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative / quantitative observational data collection |
| แหล่งต้นตำรับ≠ | Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206837 | Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223. DOI ↗ |
| ชื่อเรียกอื่น≠ | pre-validated field notes, pilot field observation notes, trial-tested observational notes | detached observation, systematic observation, structured field observation, external observation |
| ที่เกี่ยวข้อง≠ | 4 | 5 |
| สรุป≠ | Pilot-tested field notes combine the classical ethnographic practice of systematic observational recording with a deliberate pre-validation phase. Before the main data collection begins, the researcher conducts one or more trial observation sessions to test and refine the note-taking protocol — assessing categories, focus areas, and recording conventions — so that the main fieldwork captures relevant data consistently and completely. | Non-participant observation is a data-collection method in which the researcher observes behavior, interactions, or events in a natural or structured setting without joining or influencing the activity under study. The observer maintains a deliberate distance from participants to minimize their own effect on the phenomena being recorded, producing field notes, behavioral tallies, or recordings that reflect naturally occurring behavior rather than behavior shaped by researcher involvement. |
| ScholarGateชุดข้อมูล ↗ |
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