เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences (Panel DiD / TWFE)	ระเบียบวิธีสังเคราะห์การควบคุม (Synthetic Control Method - SCM)
สาขาวิชา	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	1985–2004	2003–2010
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)	Alberto Abadie & Javier Gardeazabal (2003); Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010)
ประเภท	Causal inference / panel regression	Quasi-experimental causal inference
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff	SCM, synthetic control, synth estimator, Abadie-Diamond-Hainmueller method
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.	The Synthetic Control Method estimates the causal effect of a treatment or policy on a single treated unit by constructing a weighted combination of untreated units — the synthetic control — that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. The gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart after the intervention is the estimated treatment effect.