เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การสำรวจเชิงสัมพันธ์แบบกลุ่มตัวอย่างต่อเนื่อง	การวิจัยเชิงสำรวจตามช่วงเวลา
สาขาวิชา	การออกแบบการวิจัย	การออกแบบการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1940s onward (panel survey); relational survey as standard practice by mid-20th century	Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Rooted in panel survey traditions systematized by Paul Lazarsfeld (1940s) and relational survey methodology codified by Kerlinger, Babbie, and de Leeuw	No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett
ประเภท	Quantitative observational longitudinal survey design	Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	de Leeuw, E. D., Hox, J. J., & Dillman, D. A. (Eds.). (2008). International Handbook of Survey Methodology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates / Taylor & Francis. ISBN: 978-0805857535	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	longitudinal relational survey, panel relational study, repeated-measures correlational survey, panel correlational design	longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	A panel-based relational survey is a quantitative design that recruits the same group of respondents and surveys them at two or more time points to examine how variables relate to, predict, or co-vary with one another over time. By combining the relational goal of uncovering associations among variables with the panel structure of repeated measurement from a stable sample, the design enables researchers to track how relationships evolve, test directional hypotheses about predictors and outcomes, and distinguish within-person change from between-person differences.	Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.