เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Iowa-Netherlands Social Comparison Orientation Scale	แบบวัดการใช้โซเชียลมีเดียแบบพาสซีฟ (Passive Social Media Use Scale)
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาสื่อสังคม	จิตวิทยาสื่อสังคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1999	2018
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
ประเภท	Self-report	Self-report
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	PSMUSES, Passive Use
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.