เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	จำนวนชิ้นส่วนที่ระบุได้	เรขาคณิตสัณฐานวิทยา
สาขาวิชา	โบราณคดี	โบราณคดี
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1971	1991
ผู้ริเริ่ม	R. E. Chaplin	Fred Bookstein
ประเภท	Faunal quantification method	Shape and form analysis
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Chaplin, R. E. (1971). The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Seminar Press.	Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	NISP method, specimen count	shape analysis, morphometric analysis
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Number of identified specimens (NISP) is a fundamental zooarchaeological method that quantifies the abundance of faunal remains by counting all identifiable bone fragments or specimens in an assemblage. Formalized by R. E. Chaplin and later refined by Donald Grayson and others, NISP is the most straightforward and widely used quantification metric in zooarchaeology. Despite its simplicity, NISP is sensitive to both cultural and taphonomic factors that affect preservation, fragmentation, and identification of bone assemblages.	Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.